Radio Isotope Generator perfect for Hutchison Effect Weapons
Hutchison Effect requires (a) high-voltage gradient; (b) microwave excitement; (c) radio isotope particle stream. Good thing a powerful, portable one was developed by 1958!
00:00 Introduction
01:06 Core construction
02:20 Core overflow section & reflector
03:22 Aluminum envelope and more reflector
04:22 Biological shielding
05:02 instrumentation and control
06:30 Fuel fluid
06:58 Negative reactivity coeff
08:38 Thermal column facility
09:55 atmospheric containment
10:19 Control room and startup
11:16 irradiation tubes
12:01 Research and applications
Transcript
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[Music]
0:23
the armor research reactor located at
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the Illinois Institute of Technology in
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Chicago is the world's first private
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nuclear reactor designed specifically
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for Industrial
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Research construction costs for the
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reactor were born jointly by the armor
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Research Foundation which serves as
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owner and operator and by 24 private
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industrial
0:47
organizations this nuclear reactor was
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designed and built by atomics
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International it opens an entirely New
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Field of research for industry by
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providing a continuous on thepot source
0:57
of neutrons high energy gamma rays and
Core construction
1:06
radioisotopes it is a homogeneous
1:08
solution
1:09
type the fuel is in the form of urinal
1:12
sulfate dissolved in distilled water and
1:15
contained in a stainless steel spherical
1:21
core cooling for the core is provided by
1:24
10 sections of stainless steel cooling
1:26
coils located within the core
1:33
the sections are connected in parallel
1:34
and have a total length of 90
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[Music]
1:41
ft distilled water serves as coolant and
1:44
is continuously circulated through these
1:48
coils during core assembly a series of
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tack welds was made to hold the two core
1:53
sections rigidly in
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place a shielded AR welder was then used
2:01
to fuse the seam together without the
2:03
use of filler Rod a stainless steel
2:06
backup was drawn up into the weld
2:08
ensuring 100%
2:11
penetration two additional weld passes
2:13
made with filler Rod completed the seam
2:16
welding
Core overflow section & reflector
2:21
process the core and fuel solution
2:24
overflow assembly was inverted to
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facilitate installation of the graphite
2:28
reflector the graphite sections were
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hand cut to ensure a close
2:34
fit after each block was individually
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marked and cut to size assembly of the
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reflector was fast and
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[Music]
2:46
precise the tight fit around the core
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ensures a maximum of reflecting material
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in the most important region for high
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reactor
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[Music]
2:56
efficiency a tube which extends through
2:59
the center of the core permits specimen
3:00
exposure in the region of Maximum flux
3:04
density special safety features are
3:06
included to ensure completely safe
3:08
operation in densely populated
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[Music]
3:19
areas one example is this aluminum outer
Aluminum envelope and more reflector
3:22
envelope which encloses the core and its
3:24
Associated
3:25
piping if maintenance should be required
3:28
the entire core unit can be removed and
3:36
reinstalled the neutron reflector
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consists of a stack of 4in square
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graphite blocks which have a high
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density and a very low percentage of
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boron the blocks were stacked in layers
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and surround the core assembly to form a
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reflector 5 ft High 5 ft wide and 6 and
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1/2 ft long
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the exposure ports were plugged with
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wooden packing dowels prior to shipment
4:07
to the reactor
4:08
site this assured proper alignment of
4:11
the moderator blocks during
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[Music]
Biological shielding
4:23
Transit biological shielding is provided
4:26
by a 5ft thick wall of high density iron
4:29
or concrete
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[Music]
4:31
a single bucket contains 1 cubic yard of
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dense concrete which weighs over 6,000
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[Music]
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lb the dense concrete surrounds the
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reflector assembly and sub pile
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[Music]
4:55
room total weight of the reflector
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assembly is 10 tons
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[Music]
instrumentation and control
5:05
the instrumentation system which
5:07
terminates in the control console
5:09
consists principally of circuits to
5:10
Monitor and control reactor power and to
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display information on the performance
5:14
of the gas handling and cooling
5:23
systems four vertical control rods are
5:26
provided for power level regulation and
5:29
shut down of the
5:31
reactor the rods are made of boron
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carbide encased in stainless
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steel they travel in sleeves extending
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through the spherical
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[Music]
5:42
core as the rods are lowered into the
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core the Boron absorbs neutrons and the
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Chain Reaction cannot be maintained thus
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the reactor is
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stopped by removing the rods fish is
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increased and sustained at the desired
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[Music]
6:01
level reactor power level can be
6:04
controlled either by automatic or manual
6:06
operation of the control
6:08
rods to stop or scram the reactor power
6:12
to electromagnetic Rod couplings is cut
6:15
and the rods Fall by gravity to the
6:18
core the rods are also dropped
6:20
automatically by the action of any of
6:22
the reactor scram circuits or by power
6:25
failure
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[Music]
Fuel fluid
6:31
reactor fuel is urinal sulfate dissolved
6:34
in light water the uranium is 88%
6:37
enriched in the 235
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[Music]
6:45
isotope the solution water forms the
6:48
moderator for slowing down the fish and
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[Music]
6:56
neutrons an inherent safety feature acts
Negative reactivity coeff
6:58
to shut down on the reactor in the event
7:00
of an abnormal power rise even if its
7:03
Mechanical Devices should not
7:06
function this feature results from the
7:08
negative temperature coefficient and
7:10
negative gas
7:12
coefficient fuel solution temperature
7:15
increase is indicated by a shift from
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yellow to
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Red the negative temperature coefficient
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results from the expansion of the fuel
7:22
solution as its temperature rises when
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the solution expands the reactor becomes
7:28
less reactive due to due to its change
7:30
in geometry and reactor power is
7:34
decreased the negative gas coefficient
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results from the radiolytic
7:38
decomposition of the water producing
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hydrogen and oxygen these gases expand
7:44
the solution to a subcritical state
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which also shuts the reactor
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down if a power surge should ever be
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great enough it would force a portion of
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the solution into the over flow chamber
8:00
above the core it would leave the
8:02
reactor in a subcritical state and the
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appropriate corrective action could be
8:11
taken the solution would then drain
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slowly back to the core and the reactor
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could be started once
8:23
again the shutdown mechanism just
8:26
demonstrated would operate only in the
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event that all mechanics control and
8:30
Safety Systems should not
Thermal column facility
8:40
function the horizontal thermal column
8:42
is 5 ft square and is shielded by a
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motor-driven dense concrete
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door the door weighs 40,000 PB and has
8:54
limit switches to stop the in or out
8:57
travel large specimens as well as
9:00
special test equipment can be placed in
9:02
this exposure
9:05
facility in this experiment the reactor
9:07
is being used to study the effects of
9:09
slow Neutron bombardment on a Laboratory
9:12
test
9:21
moderator a fast Neutron beam is also
9:24
available when graphite stringers are
9:26
removed from the center of the thermal
9:28
face
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[Music]
9:36
with the test equipment in place the
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reactor is ready for
9:45
startup since radioactive materials are
9:48
present in the reactor and are handled
9:49
in the experiments a positive means for
9:52
controlling the atmosphere in the
9:54
reactor room is
atmospheric containment
9:56
provided the concrete room walls are
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coated with a plastic paint to prevent
10:01
the passage of
10:02
gases specially designed gas tight doors
10:05
seal the reactor
10:17
room from the control console the
Control room and startup
10:19
operator monitors and controls the
10:21
complete operation of the
10:24
reactor a check is made of the various
10:26
instruments which display control rod
10:28
position cooling system temperatures gas
10:31
handling system pressures and other
10:33
information required for efficient and
10:35
safe reactor
10:38
operation as control rods are withdrawn
10:41
from the core the fishing chain reaction
10:45
[Music]
10:47
begins technicians in the control room
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and on the reactor floor talk with each
10:51
other over an intercommunication
10:53
system in this way information presented
10:56
on monitoring equipment set up adjacent
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to the reactor
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may be instantly and continuously
11:01
compared with control console
11:06
data the heavy concrete biological
11:09
shielding which surrounds the reactor
11:11
permits Personnel to remain in the
11:13
reactor room during
11:15
operation there are 18 tube type
irradiation tubes
11:17
exposure facilities in the reactor
11:19
consisting of metal tubes which extend
11:21
through the concrete Shield to the
11:23
immediate vicinity of the
11:26
core each tube facility is equipped with
11:29
a graphite reflector plug and a dense
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concrete and steel shielding
11:38
plug access is gained to the region of
11:41
Maximum flux density through a central
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tube facility which extends through the
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center of the
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[Music]
11:49
core nuclear reactors have a variety of
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practical applications
Research and applications
12:03
a complete listing of the many uses of
12:05
radioactivity and radiation would run
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into the
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[Music]
12:12
thousands among the current applications
12:15
is the development of new chemical
12:16
processes and
12:18
products here a radioactive carbon
12:21
isotope is being transformed from
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radioactive carbon dioxide gas to a
12:26
radioactive organic liquid
12:29
this is a useful tool for research on
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Plastics synthetic fabrics and
12:34
pharmaceutical
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products a laboratory technique known as
12:40
activation analysis is coming into
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widespread
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usage impurities too small to be
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detected by chemical or spectroscopic
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analysis can be detected by irradiating
12:51
a small sample of material and then
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measuring the activity thus
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produced by studying the gamma Energies
12:59
emitted impurities present are
13:01
identified and
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[Music]
13:05
analyzed the effects of radiation on
13:07
transistors and semiconductors is being
13:10
studied a transistor which has been
13:12
irradiated in a reactor undergo a series
13:15
of stability
13:16
tests research of this type plays an
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important part in the development of new
13:21
materials and techniques for electronic
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applications
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[Music]
13:30
in the field of Botany and agriculture
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extensive research is being conducted
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with the aid of
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radioisotopes here an analysis is made
13:38
on the absorption of radioactive
13:40
phosphorus into the structural
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components of tomato
13:43
plants this is a study of drought
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resistance protein formation and growth
13:49
itself as affected by water
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shortage without the aid of
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radioisotopes many phases of this work
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would be impossible
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[Music]
14:05
radioisotopes are also playing an
14:07
increasingly important part in modern
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medicine this patient is being given a
14:12
diagnostic test of the
14:15
thyroid before this test she drank a
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solution containing a tracer amount of
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radioactive
14:21
iodine a cellation counter above the
14:23
area of the thyroid will pick up the
14:25
extremely low-level gamma rays emitted
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by the iodine now localized in the
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[Music]
14:35
thyroid the impulses from the cellation
14:38
counter are sent to a recording chart to
14:40
indicate exactly how the thyroid is
14:44
functioning prior to the use of
14:46
radioisotopes such a diagnosis was
14:49
difficult and frequently required
14:55
surgery in addition to present day
14:58
applications many future benefits from
15:00
research reactors can be
15:03
anticipated by providing an immediate
15:05
source of neutrons gamma rays and
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radioisotopes this nuclear reactor
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brings to Industry a new and valuable
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research
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tool as the focal point of an intensive
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research program stimulated by the
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enthusiastic support of private
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Enterprise this reactor establishes A
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New Concept in the rapidly expanding
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field of Industrial Research
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[Music]